Foundations
Beginner9 min read

Intro to Agency

Who works for whom, and the duties that come with it.

Syllabus N-VI · verified 2026-08-16

Agency is the legal relationship where one person (the agent) represents another (the principal) in dealings with third parties. In real estate, understanding who you represent — and the duties you owe them — is both an ethical and legal requirement.

Agency roles

Principal (client)
The party the agent represents and owes fiduciary duties to.
Customer
A third party the agent works with but does not represent.
Seller's agent
Represents the seller; owes fiduciary duties to the seller.
Buyer's agent
Represents the buyer.
Dual agent
Represents both parties — only with informed written consent.

Fiduciary duties (O-L-D C-A-R)

  • Obedience — follow lawful instructions.
  • Loyalty — put the client's interests first.
  • Disclosure — share all material facts.
  • Confidentiality — protect the client's private information.
  • Accounting — handle all money and documents properly.
  • Reasonable care & diligence — act competently.

Key takeaways

  • An agent owes fiduciary duties to the principal/client, not the customer.
  • Remember OLD CAR for the six fiduciary duties.
  • Dual agency requires informed written consent from both parties.

Practice this

Review the “National Agency” deckTake the “National Agency” quiz